1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 Geography
1.2 Climate and poulation
1.3 Livestock
1.4 History
1.5 Etymology and Toponymy
1.6 Cartography

2. GEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW

2.1 Introduction
2.2 The making of the Himalaya
2.3 Major tectonic subdivisions of the Himalaya
2.4 Geological frame of this study
2.5 Purposes of the present work

3. STRATIGRAPHY

3.0 Introduction
3.1 Stratigraphic column

3.2 The Phe Formation
3.3 The Karsha Formation
3.4 The Kurgiakh Formation
3.5 The Thaple Formation
3.6 The Muth Formation
3.7 The Lipak Formation
3.8 The Po Formation
3.9 The Ganmachidam Formation
3.10 The Chumik Formation
3.11 The Panjal Traps
3.12 The Kuling Formation
3.13 The Lilang Group
3.14 The Tamba Kurkur Formation
3.15 The Hanse Formation
3.16 The Zozar Formation

3.18 Synthesis of the stratigraphic observations
3.19 Pre-Himalayan tectonics in Zanskar

4. TECTONICS

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1: Main Structural elements in the NW Himalaya
4.1.2: Chronology of deformation in the NW Himalaya (Fig 4.1)

4.2: Structural observations in SE Zanskar

4.2.1: Phase D1: the NE-directed Shikar Beh Nappe
4.2.2: Phase D2: The SW-directed Nyimaling - Tsarap Nappe
4.2.3: Phase D3: ductile underthrusting of the HHCS below the TH
4.2.4: Phase D4: ductile top to the NE extension along the ZSZ
4.2.5 Phase D5: Doming
4.2.6 Phase D6: High-angle normal faults

4.3 Discussion:

5. METAMORPHISM

5.1 Introduction
5.2 The prograde regional metamorphism M1
5.3 The prograde regional metamorphism M2

5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Metamorphism in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic (Tethyan) series
5.3.3 High-grade Metamorphism along the Kamirup valley
5.3.4 The metamorphic transition between the TH and the HHCS across the ZSZ

5.3.4.1 The Biotite Zone
5.3.4.2 The Garnet Zone
5.3.4.3 The Staurolite Zone
5.3.4.4 The Kyanite Zone
5.3.4.5 The Intrusion Zone
5.3.4.6 The Migmatitic Zone
5.3.4.7 Discussion

5.3.5 Thermobarometry

5.3.5.1 Analytical procedure
5.3.5.2 Results:

5.4 The retrograde metamorphism M3

5.4.1 Sillimanite
5.4.2 Cordierite
5.4.3 K-feldspar
5.4.4 Andalusite
5.4.5 Margarite
5.4.6 Other minerals
5.4.7 Discussion

5.5 Conclusion

 

6. LEUCOGRANITES

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Geological setting
6.3 Petrography
6.4 Geochemistry

6.4.1 Major elements
6.4.2 Trace elements:

6.5 Geochronology
6.6 Origin of the leucogranites and melt migration
6.7 Discussion

7. THE ZSZ: AGE AND AMOUNT OF SHEAR

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Displacement along the ZSZ
7.3 Timing of extensional shearing along the ZSZ
7.4 Discussion

8. MODELS FOR SYN-OROGENIC EXTENSION

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Gravity collapse
8.3 Ductile extrusion-channel flow model
8.4 Analogic physical modelling
8.5 Discussion

9. CONCLUSIONS

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

FIGURES

Topographic Maps:

Topographic Map 1
Topographic Map 2


Geological Maps:

General map of Himalaya Go
Cross-section of Himalaya Go
Detailed Geological Map Go

Small Map of Studied area Go
Large Map of Studied area Go

Paleogeographic reconstr. :

Paleogeography (-435Ma)
Paleogeography (-248Ma)
Paleogeography (-100Ma)
Paleogeography (-70-0Ma)

Tectonic Maps:

Tectonic Map Go
Structural Map Go
3D diagram Go

Exhumation Models:

Hodges 1 Go
Hodges 2 Go
Grudjic Go
Chemenda Go
Escher Go